Hold down the option key as the computer boots, and you should be presented with a menu of bootable media. Select your hard drive from the menu, and once successfully booted into Mac OS X, head on over to the "Startup Disk" pane in the System Preferences and ensure your hard drive is selected as the startup disk.
If your hard drive does not appear in the menu, that means that it's not a valid, bootable drive. You may need to reinstall again, ensuring that the drive is formatted as "Mac OS Extended (Journaled)" and that the partition scheme is, preferably, GUID, but can also be APM -- as long as it's not MBR (Master Boot Record).
Ideally, in order to make sure the Linux install didn't somehow muck with the partition(s) on your internal disk, you should perform a full repartition of the drive -- select "Partition" from within Disk Utility, select "1 Partition" (or whatever you prefer, as long as it's not "Current Partition Scheme"), and repartition the drive with the aforementioned settings (HFS+, Journaled, GUID).
When you installed Linux, did you also install some kind of bootloader, like Grub?